Issue #49

Abstract: In the treatise “On Duties,” addressed to his son Marcus, Cicero expounds the foundations of ethics based on Stoic doctrine. He examines the four sources of moral goodness: the pursuit of truth, justice, greatness of spirit, and propriety, linking them to the performance of duties in everyday life, public affairs, and military service. Cicero emphasizes the importance of justice, beneficence, keeping promises, and loyalty to duty towards the fatherland and one’s kin.