Issue #45

Abstract: The article discusses the concept of research in two main disciplinary fields of knowledge — philosophy and science. The reduction of philosophy to science is questioned. The author shows that science is separated from philosophy in the Hellenistic period due to the fact that there is a division of labor: criticism and the constitution of a new reality go to philosophy, and knowledge about an already established subject area goes to science. Common to both areas is the construction of schemes and ideal objects, but science is also characterized by the construction of models. Using the examples of two cases (the study of Galileo and the personality of Pushkin), a special type of scientific research is reconstructed, which the author calls scientific-philosophical discourse, which includes philosophical work (comprehension). The modern type of philosophical understanding, based on scientific and philosophical research, is analyzed in more detail based on the material of the cultural and historical reconstruction of technology. The author sees the advantage of this approach in the fact that the subject of reconstruction are specific types of technology in a specific historical time, in specific cultures, and these complex objects are studied as individuals, which, in part, blocks their subsuming under general schemes and the possibility of reduction to one of the types of technology or subsuming under abstract concepts. On the one hand, the causes, conditions, circumstances, mechanisms that determine the transition to new situations in which new types of technology take shape and then function are reconstructed, on the other hand, the consequences that these types of technology cause, up to changes in sociality, human living conditions and himself.